Kana buƙatar fahimtar bambanci tsakanin zare mai yanayin guda ɗaya da zare mai yanayin multimode. A yau, bari mu yi magana game da zare mai gani da ake amfani da shi don aika bayanai a matsayin siginar gani. Akwai nau'i biyu: yanayi ɗaya da yanayin multimode. Wannan labarin zai yi bayani dalla-dalla game da nau'ikan yanayi ɗaya da yanayin multimode da aiki, don haka ci gaba da koyo game da bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin yanayin guda ɗaya da yanayin multimode.

Da farko, wataƙila ya kamata in yi tunani game da girman tsakiya. Ina tsammanin yanayin guda ɗaya yana da ƙaramin tsakiya, kamar microns 9, yayin da yanayin multimode ya fi girma, wataƙila microns 50 ko 62.5. Girman tsakiya wataƙila yana shafar yadda hasken ke tafiya. A cikin yanayi guda ɗaya, tunda zuciyar ta fi ƙanƙanta, wataƙila yanayi ɗaya ne kawai na haske zai iya yaɗuwa, don haka sunan. Yanayin multimode zai ba da damar yanayi da yawa. Amma menene ma'anar "yanayi" a nan? Ina tsammanin yanayi hanya ce da haske zai iya ratsa ta cikin zare. Don haka a cikin yanayin multimode, haske zai iya ɗaukar hanyoyi da yawa, wanda zai iya haifar da watsawar modal. Wannan shine lokacin da yanayi daban-daban ke zuwa a lokuta daban-daban, yana haifar da karkacewar sigina. Don haka yanayin guda ɗaya, yana da hanya ɗaya kawai, yana guje wa wannan. Wannan dole ne yana nufin yanayin guda ɗaya zai iya ɗaukar babban bandwidth a cikin dogon nisa.

Amma fa, to, me game da tushen haske? Ina tsammanin yanayin guda ɗaya yana amfani da laser, waɗanda suka fi daidaito kuma za su iya mayar da hasken zuwa ƙaramin tsakiya. Multimode na iya amfani da LEDs ko lasers masu rahusa saboda tsakiya ya fi girma kuma ya fi sauƙin haɗa hasken. Lasers sun fi tsada, don haka transceivers na yanayi ɗaya wataƙila sun fi na multimode tsada.

Nisa wani abu ne daban. Idan yanayin guda ɗaya yana da ƙarancin watsawa, zai iya tafiya nesa mai tsawo ba tare da lalacewar sigina ba. Yanayin multimode, tare da watsawa na modal, zai sami gajerun nisa mafi girma. Wataƙila kamar kilomita don yanayin guda ɗaya da ɗaruruwan mita don yanayin multimode? Amma ya kamata in duba ainihin lambobi. Na ji kalmomi kamar OM3 da OM4 don zare masu yawa, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da aikinsu. Waɗannan wataƙila ma'auni ne na matakai daban-daban na multimode, waɗanda aka inganta don manyan gudu akan wasu nisa.

Bandwidth—mode-single ya kamata ya sami bandwidth mafi girma saboda babu wani watsawa na modal. Don haka ga sadarwa mai sauri da dogon zango kamar tsakanin birane ko a cikin tushen sadarwa, yanayin guda ya fi kyau. Ana amfani da multimode a cibiyoyin bayanai ko hanyoyin sadarwa na gida inda nisan ya yi gajeru, kuma farashi shine babban abin damuwa.

Dangane da farashi, zaren kanta: yanayin guda ɗaya na iya zama iri ɗaya a farashi, amma na'urorin watsawa (kamar na'urorin SFP) sun fi tsada saboda na'urorin watsawa na zamani (laser). Na'urorin watsawa na zamani (multimode transceivers) sun fi rahusa, amma zaren na iya ɗan fi tsada? Jira, a'a, ina tsammanin zaren yanayi ɗaya ya fi rahusa a wasu lokuta saboda ya fi sauƙi? Ko kuma wataƙila farashin shigarwa ya bambanta. Jira, shigarwa na iya zama da wahala ga yanayin guda ɗaya saboda zuciyar ta fi ƙanƙanta, tana buƙatar ƙarin masu haɗawa da daidaitawa. Wannan na iya sa shigarwa ya fi tsada, koda kuwa zaren da kanta ba ta yi ba.

Aikace-aikace: yanayi ɗaya don nisan nesa, sadarwa, ISPs. Yanayin multimode don LANs, cibiyoyin bayanai, hanyoyin sadarwa na harabar jami'a. Haka kuma, wataƙila a cikin yanayi inda ake buƙatar babban bandwidth amma a kan gajerun gudu. Kamar haɗa sabar a cikin cibiyar bayanai.

Tsawon raƙuman ruwa da ake amfani da su: Yanayin guda ɗaya yakan yi amfani da 1310 nm da 1550 nm, yayin da yanayin multimode na iya amfani da 850 nm da 1300 nm. Tsawon raƙuman raƙuman ruwa a yanayin guda ɗaya na iya samun ƙarancin raguwa, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga tsawon isa.

Akwai kuma wani abu game da watsawar chromatic, wanda ke shafar yanayin guda ɗaya a cikin dogon nisa, amma suna amfani da zaruruwa masu canzawa ko masu daidaita su. Babban matsalar Multimode ita ce watsawar modal, wanda aka rage ta hanyar amfani da zaruruwa masu ƙima inda ma'aunin refractive ke canzawa a hankali, yana rage watsawar modal idan aka kwatanta da ma'aunin mataki-mataki.

Akwai nau'ikan zare masu yawa daban-daban, kamar OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4, OM5. Kowannensu yana da iyawar bandwidth da nesa daban-daban. An inganta OM3 da OM4 don amfani da VCSELs na 850 nm (lasisin da ke fitar da saman rami a tsaye) don manyan gudu kamar 10G, 40G, da 100G Ethernet. OM5 don ninka girman raƙuman ruwa a cikin yanayin multimode.

Don haka idan aka haɗa wannan duka: girman tsakiya, tushen haske, nisa, bandwidth, farashi, aikace-aikace, da ƙa'idodi. Yanayi ɗaya don dogon tafiya, farashi mai yawa, aiki mai yawa. Yanayi mai yawa don ɗan gajeren nisa, ƙarancin farashi, sauƙin shigarwa amma iyakance ta hanyar watsawa ta hanyar modal.

Ya kamata in duba ko akwai wasu bambance-bambance, kamar radius na lanƙwasa ko juriya. Wataƙila yanayin guda ɗaya ya fi dacewa da lanƙwasa saboda ƙaramin core, amma ban tabbata ba. Yanayin Multimode na iya zama mafi gafartawa a wannan ɓangaren. Haka kuma, dacewa da kayan aiki na yanzu. Idan cibiyar sadarwa ta riga ta yi amfani da yanayin Multimode, haɓakawa na iya buƙatar canza zare da transceivers.

Wani batu kuma: kariya daga nan gaba. Yanayin guda ɗaya na iya zama mafi girma don ƙaruwar saurin nan gaba ba tare da maye gurbin zaren ba, yayin da yanayin multimode na iya samun ƙuntatawa yayin da buƙatun bandwidth ke ƙaruwa fiye da abin da zaren zai iya sarrafawa tare da watsawar modal.

Jira, amma tare da ci gaba a cikin yanayin multimode kamar OM5, wataƙila za su iya jure manyan gudu a cikin ɗan gajeren nisa. Don haka zaɓin ya dogara da takamaiman yanayin amfani da ci gaban da ake tsammani.

Ina buƙatar tsara duk wannan zuwa cikin kwatancen da ya dace. Wataƙila fara da manyan bambance-bambancen, sannan a shiga fannoni na fasaha kamar bandwidth, nisa, farashi, aikace-aikace, da sauransu. Haka kuma, a haɗa da teburin taƙaitawa don yin tunani cikin sauri.

Bari in tabbatar da wasu lambobi. Tsarin yanayin guda ɗaya shine microns 8-10, multimode 50 ko 62.5. Yanayin guda ɗaya yana amfani da tushen laser (1310, 1550 nm), multimode yana amfani da LED/VCSEL (850, 1300 nm). Matsakaicin nisa: yanayin guda ɗaya na iya kaiwa kilomita goma, har ma da kilomita 100 tare da kayan aiki masu dacewa. Multimode na 100M zuwa 550m ya danganta da ma'auni (OM3/OM4). Kudin: transceivers na yanayi ɗaya sun fi tsada, amma farashin fiber yana kama da ko ɗan sama? Ko wataƙila fiber ɗin ya fi arha, amma jimlar farashin tsarin ya fi girma saboda transceivers.

Haka kuma, bandwidth: yanayin-ɗaya yana da kusan bandwidth mara iyaka don dalilai na aiki, yayin da multimode yana iyakance ta hanyar watsawa ta hanyar modal. Don haka ga 10G, 40G, 100G, multimode na iya sarrafa shi amma a cikin gajerun nisa. Yanayin-ɗaya na iya sarrafa waɗannan saurin a cikin nisa mai nisa.

Dangane da ƙa'idodi, yanayin guda ɗaya yana ƙarƙashin ITU-T G.652, G.653, da sauransu, yayin da yanayin multimode shine TIA-492-AAAB (OM1), da sauransu.

Shigarwa da gyarawa: Yanayin aiki ɗaya yana buƙatar ƙarin daidaito, don haka wataƙila ƙarin ƙwarewa a aiki, ƙarin farashin saitin farko. Multimode ya fi sauƙin aiki da shi, ƙarancin farashin shigarwa.

Don haka cikakken kwatancen zai shafi duk waɗannan fannoni. Wataƙila kuma a ambaci juyin halittar, kamar yadda yanayin guda ɗaya ke zama ruwan dare ko da a cikin ɗan gajeren nisa saboda raguwar farashin na'urorin gani, amma yanayin multimode har yanzu yana ci gaba a cikin yanayi masu saurin araha da ƙarancin farashi.