Muka aratau kotahi me te muka aratau maha: Tātaritanga mutunga

Muka Aratau Kotahi me te Muka Aratau Maha: Tātaritanga Whakamutunga

2025-02-10

Me mārama koe ki te rerekētanga i waenga i te muka aratau-kotahi me te muka aratau-maha. I tēnei rā, me kōrero tātou mō ngā muka whatu e whakamahia ana hei tuku raraunga hei tohu whatu. E rua ngā momo: te aratau-kotahi me te aratau-maha. Ka kapihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā kāwai aratau-kotahi me te aratau-maha me te mahi i roto i ngā taipitopito, nō reira me haere tonu ki te ako mō ngā rerekētanga i waenga i te aratau-kotahi me te aratau-maha.

Aratau kotahi me te muka aratau maha.jpg

Tuatahi, me whakaaro pea ahau ki te rahi o te matua. Ki taku whakaaro he iti ake te matua o te aratau kotahi, pērā i te 9 maikorona, engari he nui ake te aratau maha, 50, 62.5 maikorona rānei. Tērā pea ka pā te rahi o te matua ki te haere o te mārama. I roto i te aratau kotahi, nā te mea he iti ake te matua, kotahi noa te aratau mārama ka taea te horapa, nō reira te ingoa. Ka taea e te aratau maha ngā aratau maha. Engari he aha te tikanga o te "aratau" i konei? Ki taku whakaaro ko te aratau he ara ka taea e te mārama te haere mā te muka. Nō reira, i roto i te aratau maha, ka taea e te mārama te haere i ngā ara maha, ka puta pea te mararatanga o te aratau. Koinei te wā ka tae mai ngā aratau rerekē i ngā wā rerekē, ka puta ai te whakapōturitanga o te tohu. Nō reira, mā te aratau kotahi, ka karohia tēnei. Ko te tikanga pea ka taea e te aratau kotahi te whakahaere i te whānui o te hononga i ngā tawhiti roa.

Engari, me pēhea te pūtake mārama? Ki taku whakaaro ka whakamahia e ngā momo-kotahi ngā taiaho, he tika ake, ā, ka taea te arotahi i te mārama ki te matua iti ake. Tērā pea ka whakamahia e ngā momo-maha ngā LED, ngā taiaho iti ake rānei, nā te mea he nui ake te matua, ā, he māmā ake te hono i te mārama ki roto. He nui ake te utu o ngā taiaho, nō reira he nui ake pea te utu o ngā tukuwhiti-kotahi i ngā momo-maha.

Ko te tawhiti tētahi atu āhuatanga. Mēnā he iti ake te horapa o te aratau kotahi, ka taea e ia te haere i ngā tawhiti roa me te kore e heke te tohu. Ko te aratau maha, me te horapa o te aratau, he poto ake ngā tawhiti mōrahi. Akene he rite ki ngā kiromita mō te aratau kotahi me ngā rau mita mō te aratau maha? Engari me tirotiro e au ngā tau tika. Kua rongo au i ngā kupu pēnei i a OM3 me OM4 mō ngā muka aratau maha, e pā ana ki tā rātou mahi. He paerewa pea ēnei mō ngā momo rerekē o te aratau maha, kua arotauhia mō ngā tere teitei ake i runga i ētahi tawhiti.

Whānuitanga o te hononga - me nui ake te whānuitanga o te hononga i roto i te aratau kotahi nā te mea kāore he mararatanga o te momo hononga. Nō reira, mō ngā whakawhitiwhitinga tere-nui, roa-haerenga pērā i waenga i ngā tāone nui, i roto rānei i ngā poutokomanawa waea, he pai ake te aratau kotahi. Ka whakamahia te aratau maha i roto i ngā pokapū raraunga, i ngā whatunga ā-rohe rānei, he poto ake ngā tawhiti, ā, he nui ake te āwangawanga mō te utu.

Mō te utu, ko te muka tonu: he rite tonu te utu mō te aratau kotahi, engari he nui ake te utu mō ngā whakawhiti (pērā i ngā kōwae SFP) nā ngā taiaho. He iti ake te utu mō ngā whakawhiti maha-aratau, engari he iti ake te utu mō te muka? Kāo, ki taku whakaaro he iti ake te utu mō te muka aratau kotahi i ētahi wā nā te mea he māmā ake? He rerekē pea ngā utu tāutanga. Kāo, he uaua ake pea te tāutanga mō te aratau kotahi nā te mea he iti ake te matua, me te hiahia kia tika ake ngā hononga me te whakaritenga. Tērā pea ka nui ake te utu tāutanga, ahakoa kāore te muka tonu i te pera.

Ngā Whakamahinga: aratau kotahi mō ngā tawhiti roa, waea pūkoro, ISP. Aratau maha mō ngā LAN, ngā pokapū raraunga, ngā whatunga puni. Waihoki, i ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he whānui o te hononga engari mō ngā oma poto ake. Pērā i te hono i ngā tūmau i roto i te pokapū raraunga.

Ngā Roangaru e Whakamahia ana: He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e te aratau kotahi te 1310 nm me te 1550 nm, ko te aratau maha ia ka whakamahia e te 850 nm me te 1300 nm. Tērā pea he iti ake te whakaiti o ngā roangaru roa i te aratau kotahi, ā, ka roa ake te toro atu.

He āhuatanga anō hoki kei te horapa chromatic, e pā nui ake ana ki te aratau kotahi i ngā tawhiti tino roa, engari e whakamahi ana rātou i ngā muka neke-horapa, i ngā kaiwhakarite rānei. Ko te take matua o te Multimode ko te horapa modal, e whakaitihia ana mā te whakamahi i ngā muka tohu-whakarōpū e huri haere ana te tohu whakaata, ka whakaitihia te horapa modal ki te whakataurite ki te tohu-taahiraa.

Ā, he momo muka maha-aratau anō hoki, pērā i te OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4, OM5. He rerekē te whānui o te hononga me te tawhiti o ia muka. Kua arotauhia te OM3 me te OM4 mō te whakamahi me ngā VCSEL 850 nm (ngā taiaho whakaputa-mata-poka-poutū) mō ngā tere teitei ake pērā i te 10G, 40G, 100G Ethernet. Ko te OM5 mō te whakarea wehewehe roanga ngaru i roto i te maha-aratau.

Nā reira, ko te whakakotahi i ēnei mea katoa: te rahi matua, te pūtake mārama, te tawhiti, te whānui o te hononga, te utu, ngā tono, me ngā paerewa. Aratau kotahi mō te haerenga roa, utu nui, mahi teitei. Aratau maha mō ngā tawhiti poto, utu iti ake, ngāwari ake te tāuta engari he iti noa iho nā te mararatanga o te aratau.

Me tirotiro anō hoki ahau mēnā he rerekētanga anō, pērā i te pūtoro piko, te pakari rānei. Tērā pea he tairongo ake te aratau-kotahi ki ngā piko nā te iti o te matua, engari kāore au i te tino mōhio. Tērā pea he ngāwari ake te aratau-maha i taua āhuatanga. Waihoki, te hototahitanga ki ngā taputapu o nāianei. Mēnā kei te whakamahi kē te whatunga i te aratau-maha, me whakarerekē pea ngā muka me ngā taputapu whakawhiti i te whakapai ake.

Tētahi atu kōrero: te ārai i ngā mea kei te heke mai. Tērā pea ka taea te whakanui ake i te tere o te aratau kotahi me te kore e whakakapi i te muka, engari ko te aratau maha he herenga pea nā te mea ka nui haere ngā hiahia whānui ki tua atu i tā te muka e taea ai te whakahaere me te mararatanga aratau.

Taria, engari me ngā whanaketanga o te maha-aratau pēnei i te OM5, tera pea ka taea e rātou te whakahaere i ngā tere teitei ake i ngā tawhiti poto. Nō reira, ko te kōwhiringa kei runga i te whakamahinga motuhake me te tipu e tumanakohia ana.

Me whakarite e au ēnei mea katoa kia ōrite te whakataurite. Tērā pea ka tīmata ki ngā rerekētanga matua, kātahi ka haere ki ngā āhuatanga hangarau pēnei i te whānui o te hononga, te tawhiti, te utu, ngā tono, me ētahi atu. Tāpirihia hoki he ripanga whakarāpopototanga hei tirotiro tere.

Tukua ahau kia manatoko i ētahi tau. Ko te matua aratau-kotahi he 8-10 maikorona, ko te aratau-maha he 50, he 62.5 rānei. Ko te aratau-kotahi e whakamahi ana i ngā pūtake taiaho (1310, 1550 nm), ko te aratau-maha e whakamahi ana i te LED/VCSEL (850, 1300 nm). Ngā tawhiti mōrahi: ka taea e te aratau-kotahi te haere ki ngā tekau kiromita, tae atu ki te 100 km me ngā taputapu e tika ana. Ko te aratau-maha mō te 100M ki te 550m i runga i te paerewa (OM3/OM4). Utu: he nui ake te utu o ngā whakawhiti-whakawhiti aratau-kotahi, engari he rite te utu muka, he paku teitei ake rānei? He iti ake pea te utu muka, engari he nui ake te utu pūnaha whānui nā ngā whakawhiti-whakawhiti.

Waihoki, te whānui o te hononga: he tata kore mutunga te whānui o te hononga o te aratau-kotahi mō ngā mahi whaihua, ko te aratau-maha ia he mea whakawhāitihia e te mararatanga o te aratau. Nō reira, mō te 10G, 40G, 100G, ka taea e te aratau-maha te whakahaere engari i ngā tawhiti poto ake. Ka taea e te aratau-kotahi te whakahaere i aua tere i ngā tawhiti roa ake.

Mō ngā paerewa, ko te aratau kotahi e hipokina ana e te ITU-T G.652, G.653, me ētahi atu, ko te aratau maha ia ko te TIA-492-AAAB (OM1), me ētahi atu.

Te tāutanga me te tiaki: me nui ake te tika o te aratau kotahi, nō reira, he nui ake pea ngā kaimahi mohio, ka nui ake te utu whakatūnga tuatahi. He māmā ake te whakamahi i te aratau maha, ā, he iti ake te utu tāutanga.

Taura muka whatu aratau kotahi me te maha-aratau.jpg

Nō reira, ka kapi katoa ēnei āhuatanga i te whakatairite katoa. Tērā pea ka whakahuatia anō hoki te whanaketanga, pērā i te piki haere o te rongonui o te aratau kotahi ahakoa i ngā tawhiti poto ake nā te hekenga o ngā utu o ngā whatu, engari kei te mau tonu te aratau maha i roto i ngā āhuatanga utu-tairongo, poto-tae.

Muka Aratau-Kotahi me te Muka Aratau-Maha: Tātaritanga Whakamutunga

1. Te Diameter Matua

Muka Aratau-Kotahi (SMF):
- Matua:8–10 maikorona(tino whaiti).
- I hangaia mōaratau rama kotahite horapa, te whakaiti i te hē o te tohu.
Muka Aratau Maha (MMF):
- Matua:50, 62.5 maikorona rānei(whānui ake).
- Ngā tautokongā aratau rama maha, e hua ake ana te mararatanga aratau i runga i te tawhiti.

2. Pūtake Mārama me te Roangaru

SMF:
- Ngā taiaho taiaho(hei tauira, ngā taiaho DFB, FP).
- Ngā Roanga Ngaru:1310 nm(paerewa),1550 nm(haerenga roa, whakaitihia te ngoikore).
MMF:
- Ngā rama LED, ngā rama VCSEL rānei(Ngā Reera Tuku Mata-Poutū).
- Ngā Roanga Ngaru:850 nm(tino noa) me1300 nm.

3. Whānuitanga me te Tawhiti

SMF:
- Whānuitanga mutunga kore(i roto i te ariā) nā te korenga o te mararatanga aratau.
- Ngā tawhiti roaTae atu ki100+ kiromita(me te whakanui).
- He pai mōngā pou tuara waea, ngā taura raro moana, me ngā whatunga metro.
MMF:
- Te whānuitanga iti o te whānuinā te mararatanga aratau.
- Ngā tawhiti poto:
  - OM1/OM2: 100–550 mita (tae atu ki te 1 Gbps).
  - OM3/OM4/OM5: 100–550 mita (10–100 Gbps).
- I whakamahia i roto iNgā LAN, ngā pokapū raraunga, me ngā whatunga o te puni.

4. Te utu

SMF:
- Te utu nui ake o te tukuwhiti(he utu nui ngā taiaho).
- Te utu mukaHe rite, he paku teitei ake rānei i te MMF.
- Tāutanga: Me mahi tika (me te mahi pūkenga).
MMF:
- Te utu iti o te tukuwhiti(He iti ake te utu o ngā rama LED/VCSEL).
- Te utu mukaHe paku teitei ake mō ngā reanga hou (OM3/OM4).
- TāutangaHe māmā ake nā te mea he nui ake te uho.

5. Te Mararatanga

SMF:
- Te mararatanga o te tae(e ahu mai ana i te roangaru) ka kaha ake i ngā tawhiti roa.
- Whakahaeretia māngā muka kua nekehia e te mararangā kaiwhakautu rānei.
MMF:
- Te mararatanga aratau(ngā rerekētanga o te roa o te ara) ka whakawhāiti i te tawhiti/te whānui o te ara.
- I whakaitihia māngā muka whakarōpū-taurangi(OM3/OM4/OM5).

6. Ngā tono

SMF:
- Ngā whatunga tawhiti, FTTH (muka-ki-te-kāinga), ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga ipurangi, CATV, ngā WAN tere-tiketike.
MMF:
- Ngā pokapū raraunga (tūmau-ki-pana), ngā LAN, ngā pūnaha haumarutanga, ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero poto.

7. Ngā Paerewa

SMF:
- ITU-T G.652 (aratau kotahi paerewa), G.653 (nekehanga marara).
MMF:
- OM1/OM2TIA-492-AAAB (62.5/125 µm) me TIA-492-AABB (50/125 µm).
- OM3/OM4/OM5Kua arotauhia mō ngā VCSEL me ngā tere-tiketike (40G/100G).

8. Te Whakatūpato i te Ao Tūroa

SMF:
- Ka taea te whakanekeneke mō ngā whakahōutanga a meake nei (ngā tere terahertz me ngā tikanga whakarerekētanga hou).
MMF:
- OM5e tautoko ana i te SWDM engari he iti nei nā te tawhiti.

Ripanga Whakataurite

Āhuatanga	muka Aratau-Kotahi	muka aratau maha
Diameter Matua	8–10 maikorona	50/62.5 maikorona
Pūtake Mārama	Taioata taiaho	LED/VCSEL
Roanga ngaru	1310 nm, 1550 nm	850nm, 1300nm
Whānuitanga o te arai	Tata mutunga kore	Whakawhāitihia e te mararatanga aratau
Tawhiti Mōrahi	100+ kiromita	100 m (OM1) ki te 550 m (OM4/OM5)
Utu	Ngā whakawhiti teitei ake, ngā muka iti iho	Ngā whakawhiti iti iho, ngā muka teitei ake
Ngā tono	Waea, tawhiti	Ngā pokapū raraunga, ngā LAN
Ngā Paerewa	ITU-T G.652, G.653	TIA OM1–OM5
Te mararatanga	Kromati (haerenga roa)	Modal (e whakawhāiti ana i te tawhiti/te whānui o te hononga)

Ngā Whakaaro Matua

Kōwhiria te SMFmōtawhiti roa, whānui-aho teiteingā hiahia (hei tauira, ngā ISP, ngā taura raro moana).
Kōwhiria te MMFmōutu-whai hua, poto te torongangā tono (hei tauira, ngā pokapū raraunga, ngā whatunga o te puni).
OM4/OM5Ka tautoko te MMF i te 40G/100G i roto i te 150–550m, ko te SMF ia he mea nui mō te tauine ā muri ake nei.

E noho tahi ana ngā momo muka e rua, ko te SMF te mea nui mō te tawhiti, ā, kei te whai hua tonu te MMF i roto i ngā taiao umanga. Ko ngā whanaketanga o ngā hihi SMF (ngā hihi laser iti te utu) kei te whakawhānui ake i tōna whakamahinga i roto i ngā hononga pokapū raraunga me ngā pokapū raraunga.

Whakapā mai, Tikina ngā Hua Kounga me te Ratonga Ātaahua.

Ako atu

Ngā purongo o te BLOG

Ngā Mōhiohio Ahumahi

Kia pēhea te roa o te ora o te taura muka whatu?

pānuihia atu

2026-07-21

Kua noho te taura muka whatu hei poutokomanawa mō ngā whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero hou, e tautoko ana i te ipurangi tere-nui, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ngā pokapū raraunga, te hanganga 5G, te aunoatanga ahumahi, me ngā tāone atamai. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā taura parahi tuku iho, ka nui ake te whānui o te hononga o ngā taura muka whatu, ka iti ake te ngaronga tohu, ka roa ake te tawhiti tuku, ā, ka pai ake te ātete ki te pokanoa hikohiko.

Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te taura muka tika?

pānuihia atu

2026-07-17

I roto i ngā whatunga whakawhitiwhiti tere-nui o ēnei rā, taura papaki muka kua noho ko tētahi o ngā wāhanga tino nui mō te hono i ngā taputapu whatu, ngā taputapu whatunga, me ngā pūnaha tohatoha muka. Mai i ngā pokapū raraunga me ngā whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki ngā whakatinanatanga FTTH (Muka ki te Kāinga) me ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero hinonga, ka whakaratohia e ngā taura whakapiri muka he hononga whatu pono, mahi teitei.

He Tātaritanga Whānui o G.657.A1, G.657.A2 me G.657.B3

pānuihia atu

2026-07-13

I te whakatinanatanga nui o te muka FTTH ki te Kāinga, ngā pokapū raraunga rorohiko AI, te hononga mua 5G, te waea whānui o roto, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero iti FPV drone me te whakahoutanga o te au ngoikore o te whare puta noa i te ao, kei te raru te muka aratau-kotahi tuku iho G.652D i te ngaronga piko nui me te iti o te wāhi waea, e tino whakawhāiti ana i te tahora o ngā whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whatu tere-teitei. I hangaia e ITU-T, ko te muka aratau-kotahi piko-kore-aroaro raupapa G.657 he mea hanga motuhake mō ngā kokonga hurihuri whaiti, ngā waea matotoru me ngā āhuatanga paipa moroiti. Ko ngā momo hua matua e toru, ko te muka ātete-piko paerewa G.657.A1, te muka ātete-piko whakarei ake G.657.A2 me te muka kore-piko tino-aroaro G.657.B3, e whakamahi ana i ngā kōtaha tohu whakaata āwhina-awaawa rerekē, ā, e whakaatu ana i ngā rerekētanga kua whakaritea i roto i te radius piko iti rawa, te diameter mara aratau me te mahi whakaiti. Ka hipokina e rātou ngā tono horopaki katoa mai i te waea whare ohanga ki te waea motuhake tino-kikī.