Bokosi Logawa Ulusi ndi chinthu chofala mu FTTH ndi FTTB. Limateteza malo olumikizirana a chingwe chowunikira kuti chifike kumapeto kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, limapangitsa kuti malo olumikizirana a chingwe chowunikira akhale olimba, osapsa fumbi, komanso osalowa madzi. Limachepetsa kusokoneza kwa chizindikiro cholowera cha chingwe chowunikira kupita ku chilengedwe chakunja momwe zingathere. Malinga ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za malo enieni ogwiritsira ntchito, pali mitundu yambiri ya mabokosi ogawa ulusi pamsika, mungasankhe bwanji? Mfundo 10 zotsatirazi zikuthandizani kumvetsetsa chilichonse chokhudza bokosi logawa ulusi.

1. Malo a bokosi logawa ulusi mu kulumikizana kwa ulusi wa kuwala

Kutumiza kwa chizindikiro cha kuwala mu ulusi wa kuwala kuli ngati kuyenda kwa madzi a pampopi mu chitoliro cha madzi. Pa nthawi yotumizira, wogwiritsa ntchito akafuna, amafunika kutumizidwa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito, koma node ya shunt imafuna chitetezo kuti madzi a pampopi asatuluke ndi kupanga. Chipangizo choteteza ma node chomwe chimatumiza chizindikiro cha kuwala chimatchedwa bokosi logawa ulusi. Iyi ndi malo ake mu gawo lolumikizirana la kuwala.

2. Zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito bokosi logawa ulusi

Chizindikiro cha netiweki ya kuwala kwa ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri chimagawidwa m'magawo atatu, FTTH, FTTB, ndi FTTC, zomwe ndi mapulojekiti omaliza a kulumikizana kwa ulusi wa kuwala. Malo oyika mabokosi ogawa ulusi m'magawo atatuwa ndi osiyana. FTTH ili pansi. Mu khonde, FTTB ili pakhoma la nyumbayo, FTTC nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pamtengo wa mtengo wakumidzi.

3. Kapangidwe ka mkati mwa bokosi logawa ulusi

Ntchito ya bokosi logawa ulusi makamaka ndikuteteza ndikugawa ulusi. Kenako kapangidwe kake kamagawidwa m'magawo anayi,

Cholowera chingwe: Chingwe ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka polumikizira chingwe chakunja. Chingwe cholumikizira chomwe chayikidwa chimagwira ntchito yomangirira pa doko lolowera ndipo sichosavuta kumasula. Ndipo cholowera chingwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala pansi pa bokosi logawa ulusi, lomwe limakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino yosalowa madzi.

Thireyi yolumikizira: Chingwe chakunja cha kuwala chiyenera kulumikizidwa ndi chogawa kapena kumapeto kopanda mutu kwa mchira wa nkhumba m'bokosi logawa ulusi, thireyi yolumikizira ndiyofunikira, yomwe ndi yosavuta kuwotcherera ndipo imapangitsa kuti kuwotcherera kukhale bwino. Malo ocheperako a khadi pachithunzichi ndi olumikizira ulusi wa kuwala pambuyo polumikizana.

Ma disk a fiber splitter: Ma disk ena ogawa fiber amapezeka m'mitundu ina, ndipo ena sapezeka, chifukwa izi zimangogwira ntchito ngati cholumikizira ndipo zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta komanso zazing'ono poika ma splitter ndi michira ya nkhumba. Mutha kuwona mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a thireyi yogawa fiber ndi thireyi yophatikizana m'mabokosi osiyanasiyana ogawa fiber, koma ntchito yake ndi yofanana, ndi zotsatira za kusintha kosalekeza kuti fiber fusion ndi ma waya zikhale zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

Malo ogulitsira: Chiwerengero cha malo otulutsira magetsi chimatha kudziwa chitsanzo choyambira cha bokosi logawa magetsi, monga malo otulutsira magetsi 8, ndiye kuti kwenikweni ndi bokosi logawa magetsi la 8-core, malo otulutsira magetsi ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa doko lolowera, chifukwa chingwe cholandiridwa kuchokera kumbali ya wogwiritsa ntchito wa jumper ya fiber optic kapena pigtail-based, m'mimba mwake mwa mawaya awa ndi ochepa kwambiri.

4. Gulu la bokosi logawa la fiber optic

Malinga ndi mphamvu yake, bokosi logawa ulusi lingagawidwe m'magulu awa: 4 core, 6 core, 8 core, 12 core, 16 core, 24 core, 36 core, 48 core ndi zina zotero. 8-core ndi 16-core ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Malinga ndi njira yokhazikitsira: ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: mtundu wopachika pakhoma ndi mtundu wa pole.

Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito: akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu amkati ndi akunja.

Malinga ndi ntchito: Ikhoza kugawidwa m'mabokosi ogawa wamba (caja) ndi bokosi logawa (caja) lokhala ndi ntchito yolumikizira.

5. Zipangizo za bokosi logawa ulusi

Kuumba jakisoni: Liwiro la kuumba jakisoni limadalira kuchuluka kwa makina opangira jakisoni ndi kuchuluka kwa zidutswa zomwe zimapangidwa nthawi imodzi. Wopanga wabwino amakhala ndi makina opangira jakisoni omwe amatha kuumba mabokosi 2000-3000 patsiku, ndipo amatha kuwaumba mwachangu ndi nthawi yodalirika yotumizira.

Kusonkhanitsa: Njirayi ndi gawo logwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja ndipo ndi gawo losiyana kwambiri la fakitale. Antchito aluso komanso oyenerera, njira ndi malamulo abwino, komanso kasamalidwe kokhwima ndi zizindikiro za wopanga wabwino.

Kuyesa ndi kulongedza: Kupanga bwino kumatanthauza kukhala ndi mayeso obwerezabwereza pa gawo lililonse la kupanga, kuyambira njira yapitayi mpaka yotsatira, nthawi zonse ndi mayeso pakati. Njira yapitayi imayesedwa kuti ndi yokwanira. Kuzungulira kumapitirira mpaka mayeso omaliza pomwe njira zonse zimamalizidwa.

Mapaketiwa amayang'ana kwambiri chitetezo cha zinthu, kukongola ndi kuyera, mapaketi a zinthu payekhapayekha ayenera kuyezedwa, kulemera kwa chinthu chimodzi chokha kuti apewe kusowa zowonjezera. Mapaketi onsewa amayang'ana kwambiri kukhazikika kwa njira yonyamulira katundu komanso kusavuta kulandira katundu akafika.

Pakadali pano, zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi bokosi logawa zinthu ndi izi: SMC, ABS+PC, ABS, PP. Ubwino wa zipangizo zinayi uli mu dongosolo kuyambira zabwino mpaka zoipa, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wapamwamba mpaka wotsika. Kusiyana kwa ubwino pakati pa zipangizozi ndi malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu, kuwala, kukana kutentha, kukana kukhudzidwa, kukana kupsinjika, kukana kukwiya komanso kukana malawi. Chotsika mtengo kwambiri pa zipangizo zinayi ndi ABS+PC, chomwe chimatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zambiri za zinthu zomwe zili m'mabokosi ogawa ulusi pamtengo wochepa.

Ngakhale bokosi logawa ulusi wa SMC ndi lapamwamba kwambiri, koma limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo ovuta kwambiri, komanso okwera mtengo, msika wazinthu si waukulu. Chifukwa cha mpikisano wamsika womwe uli wovuta kwambiri, mitengo yazinthu ikutsika kwambiri, mtengo wotsika wa bokosi logawa zinthu za ABS umakhala pamsika wonse, kotero kuti magwiridwe antchito onse azinthuzo achepa pang'ono. Zipangizo za PP ndizomwe zimagwira ntchito yotsika kwambiri, kapangidwe kake kamakhala kofooka, komwe nthawi zambiri kamagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga bokosi lolumikizirana, ngati kagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati bokosi logawa, bokosi logawa silipitirira mayeso okhudzika.

Malangizo aumwini pa mitundu inayi ya bokosi logawa zinthu: ngati makasitomala amakonda mtundu, PC + ABS yolimbikitsidwa, ngati makasitomala amakonda mtengo, amalimbikitsa zinthu za ABS zoyera. Mwachitsanzo, tengani bokosi logawa ulusi wa 16-core, bokosi lililonse limagwiritsa ntchito 1KG ya zinthu, kusiyana kwa mtengo pakati pa zinthu ziwirizi ndi pafupifupi 0.5USD. Koma n'zovuta kuti anthu asiyanitse kusiyana pakati pa zinthu ziwirizi, akufunika mayeso aukadaulo, kapena kulumikizana bwino ndi wopanga.

6. Njira yopangira ndi ukadaulo wa bokosi logawa ulusi (caja)

Fotokozani zofunikira za kasitomala pakugwiritsa ntchito; ngati kabukhu kazinthu zomwe zilipo kale kakwaniritsa zofunikira, tidzapanga malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili kale.

Zojambula: Ngati kasitomala akufuna zinthu zachilendo, tidzajambula zojambula za kapangidwe ka chinthucho malinga ndi zosowa za kasitomala. Chotsegula nkhungu: nkhungu yosavuta imatha kutsegulidwa bwino mkati mwa theka la mwezi, nkhungu yovuta imafunika osachepera mwezi umodzi.

7. Kodi mungasankhe bwanji pakati pa bokosi logawa zinthu lodzaza ndi bokosi lopanda kanthu?

Pakufunikira kwenikweni kwa makasitomala, pali kusiyana pakati pa mabokosi odzaza ndi opanda kanthu, makasitomala ena amafunikira bokosi lokhala ndi splitter, adapters kapena pigtails yoyikidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, makasitomala ena amangofunika bokosi lopanda kanthu, kasitomala amayika splitter ndi zigawo zina zosagwira ntchito malinga ndi momwe ntchitoyo ikuyendera.

Kawirikawiri, zofunikira pa kapangidwe ka kasitomala ndi zomveka bwino komanso zogwirizana, tikukulimbikitsani kugwiritsa ntchito bokosi lodzaza ndi zogawanika. Ngati zosowa za kasitomala sizikudziwika bwino ndipo zimafuna kusinthasintha, ndiye kuti bokosi lopanda kanthu lingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Kodi ubwino wa bokosi logawa zinthu lodzaza ndi chiyani? Ngati zogawa, ma adapter, ndi michira ya nkhumba zagulidwa mofanana, zimatha kusunga ndalama. Kuphatikiza apo, fakitale ikhoza kusonkhanitsa, kuyesa, ndikusunga ndalama zogwirira ntchito, ndipo kuyesa kogwirizana pambuyo pa kusonkhana kwa fakitale kumatha kuthetsa mavuto aubwino omwe amayambitsidwa ndi njira yopangira.

Fakitale imatcha njira yosonkhanitsira iyi kuti "chogawaniza chokonza". Opanga abwino amayesa kuwala kwa chogawaniza chisanakonzedwe, kuti vuto la mtundu wa chogawaniza cha bokosi lonse logawa ulusi lithe kuthetsedwa.

Pambuyo poti chopatulira chayikidwa, yesaninso. , Kuti mupewe kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ulusi wa disc wopangidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, "chopatulira chokonza" cha nsanja yolumikizira fakitale ndi chosavuta komanso chogwira ntchito bwino kuposa "chopatulira chokonza" chopangidwa panja. Bokosi logawa bokosi lopanda kanthu ndi losavuta kuliyang'ana ndipo nthawi yotumizira imakhala yachangu. Komabe, ndalama zomangira pambuyo pake zimakhala zokwera.

8. Kuyang'anira khalidwe

Kawirikawiri, mayeso abwino a bokosi logawa ulusi ndi osalowa madzi, osapsa fumbi, mayeso ogunda, ena amafunikira kutentha kwakukulu ndi kotsika, mayeso a chinyezi, kugawa kodzaza ndi splitter, pigtail iyeneranso kuchita mayeso a fiber-pass.

Zofunikira pa fumbi komanso madzi ndi zambiri, chifukwa malo akunja ndi fumbi, mvula komanso chipale chofewa, kotero mulingo wa IP uyenera kukhala osachepera IP65. Mulingo wa IP ukuwonetsedwa pachithunzi chotsatirachi.

Popeza fumbi limakhudza deta yotumizira kuwala, fumbi liyenera kufika pamlingo wa 6, ndipo chosalowa madzi chikuyenera kukhala pamlingo wa 5, chifukwa chomangiriridwa pakhoma kapena chofanana ndi ndodo chimatha kupewa mvula kuti isalowe. Bokosi lina logawa ulusi lomwe limagwira ntchito yolumikizana, malo ake ogwiritsira ntchito amakhala makamaka m'chimbudzi kapena m'manda, kotero mulingo wake woteteza uyenera kufika pa IP68.

Mayeso okhudza kukhudzidwa kwa chinthucho amayesa makamaka momwe zinthuzo zimagwirira ntchito. Mabokosi ena a ulusi okhala ndi zinthu zosalimba kapena makulidwe a jakisoni sangapambane mayeso okhudza kukhudzidwa kwa chinthucho.

Pa bokosi logawa lodzaza ndi splitter kapena pigtail, n'zosavuta kuswa ulusi wofooka wa kuwala panthawi yoyendera ndi kusonkhanitsa, ndipo n'zovuta kupeza ndi maso, kuyesa kowala kumatha kuchotsa chipangizo chosweka cha ulusi.

9. Msika ndi Mtengo

Bokosi logawa ulusi ndi la chinthu cha FTTX ndipo ndi la malo olumikizirana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Poyang'anizana ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri, kufunika kwake kuli kwakukulu kuposa kwa zinthu zogwirira ntchito zamagetsi. Kufunika kwa msika n'kolimba ndipo kuchuluka kwake n'kwakukulu.

Pali mabokosi ambiri ogawa mitengo, makamaka chifukwa cha miyezo yosiyanasiyana yopangira ndi miyezo yoyesera ya ogulitsa. Ndikoyenera kuti musasankhe mtengo wotsika kwambiri pamsika kuti mupeze ogulitsa fiber optic.

Ogulitsa onse ndi amalonda ndipo amafunika phindu kuti atsimikizire kuti fakitale ikugwira ntchito komanso phindu. Zogulitsa zomwe zili pansi pa mtengo wapakati ndi zinthu zotsika mtengo kapena njira yotsatsira malonda. Mafakitale ali ndi njira zambiri zochepetsera ndalama. Angagwiritse ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo, kuchuluka kwa zipangizo, kusavuta kupanga zinthu ndi zina zotero.

Chifukwa chake, fotokozani bwino miyezo yanu yofunikira, dziwani miyezo yowunikira ndi opanga, kenako kambiranani mitengoyo motsatira izi. Kulankhula za mtengo ndikokwanira, kusiya mwayi wopeza phindu kwa winayo, ndipo kulumikizana ndi mgwirizano wotsatira kudzakhala kosavuta.

Kawirikawiri, ngati kufunikira si kwakukulu, ngati chiwerengero cha mabokosi ogawa ulusi ndi chochepera MOQ, palibe chifukwa chopezera fakitale mwachindunji. Maoda a fakitale akamakhala abwino, kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kochepa, sadzapatsidwa patsogolo, ndipo kusintha mzere wopanga kumafunanso mtengo. Chifukwa chake mtengo wake si wotsika.

Wogulitsa wabwino ku China kapena wothandizira amadziwa msika wapakhomo ndipo maoda a makasitomala angapo amaperekedwa, kotero ili ndi zida zambiri zogulira fakitale ndipo ndi chisankho chabwino kwa makasitomala ang'onoang'ono.

10. Kukula kwa bokosi logawa fiber optic

Kuchokera pamsika wamakono komanso momwe zinthu zilili, chitukuko cha zinthu m'bokosi logawa ulusi chakula mbali ziwiri.

Njira yoyamba ndiyo kupanga zomangamanga mwachangu komanso mosavuta, komanso kusunga ndalama zomangira za makasitomala.

Monga momwe zasonyezedwera m'bokosi logawa ulusi ili, limatseka bokosilo ulusi ukasungunuka. Wogwiritsa ntchito safunika kutsegulanso bokosilo, ndipo amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi chizindikiro cha netiweki ndi kulumikizana mwachangu kunja. Ikayikidwa, imatha kulumikizidwa kumapeto kwa wogwiritsa ntchito ndi cholumikizira mwachangu pokhapokha potsegula cholumikizira chotsatirachi, zomwe zimapulumutsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito kumbali imodzi, ndipo ndi bwino pamlingo wosalowa fumbi popanda kutsegula bokosilo.

Njira yachiwiri ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, makamaka m'madera akumidzi, komwe kuchuluka kwa anthu kuli kochepa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ulusi wa kuwala wa chingwe chowunikira nthawi zambiri sikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chingwe chowunikira sichimangofunika kutsekedwa, komanso chimafunika kulumikizidwa, kotero mtundu watsopano wa bokosi la ulusi uli ndi ntchito yolumikizira kuti zingwe zowunikira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zitumizidwe kumadera ena kudzera mu kulumikizana kachiwiri.

Mapeto

Njira yaikulu yolumikizirana ndi maukonde ndi liwiro lofulumira la kutumiza mauthenga, bandwidth yotakata yotumizira mauthenga komanso kutumiza deta molondola. Zinthu zonse zolumikizirana ndi ulusi wa kuwala ziyenera kugwirizana nazo kuti zipeze zotsatira zabwino. Bokosi logawa ulusi ndi chida choteteza, ndipo ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuteteza chitetezo ndi kukhazikika kwa node yogawa mauthenga.

Chizolowezi chake cha chitukuko ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chitetezo chikugwira ntchito bwino pamene akuchepetsa ndalama nthawi zonse, kenako ndikupangitsa kuti ntchito yomanga ikhale yofulumira ndikusunga ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

Feiboer ali ndi zaka zambiri akugwira ntchito yopanga mabokosi ogawa ulusi, akumvetsa bwino za malonda, akutsimikizira kuti malonda ndi abwino, komanso akuthandiza makasitomala kuti apititse patsogolo msika. Tili okonzeka kuthandiza makasitomala athu kuti apeze zinthu zambiri.