1. Gabatarwa

A fannin watsawa da sarrafa bayanai, kebul na Optical Fiber Cables (OFCs) suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. Ana ɗaukar su a matsayin manyan hanyoyin sadarwa da sadarwa. Saboda haka, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci su tabbatar da haɗin kai mai aminci a kowane lokaci. Duk da haka, lokaci-lokaci, tsawon rayuwar OFC na iya fuskantar barazana daga beraye, misali lokacin da aka sanya OFCs a cikin bututun da beraye ke iya isa gare su. A irin waɗannan yanayi dole ne a kare OFCs, saboda beraye suna da halin cin zarafi da kai hari ga OFCs lokacin da aka toshe hanyar fita daga waɗannan bututun.

Domin samun ingantaccen tsarin kebul, masana'antun kebul sun fi son amfani da kayan da ke haɗa kaddarorin ƙarfafawa tare da kariyar beraye. Suna kuma son OFCs su kasance masu sassauƙa da sauƙi, kuma su sami ƙaramin diamita. Kayan da ake amfani da su don ƙarfafa OFCs na dielectric galibi aramid ne da E-glass a ƙaramin mataki. Amfani da aramid yana da matuƙar shahara kuma yana ƙaruwa cikin sauri saboda haɗinsa mara misaltuwa na kayan injiniya da sinadarai da kyawawan halayen sarrafawa, wanda ke haifar da OFCs masu inganci tare da kyakkyawan aiki da aminci na dogon lokaci. Duk da haka, tambayar ko E-glass da aramid suna tabbatar da isasshen kariya ga beraye sau da yawa an yi ta taso. Ya yi wuya a sami amsa bayyananne daga masu amfani da OFC. Misali, gogewar masu amfani da OFC a Switzerland, ta nuna cewa a wasu lokuta igiyoyin E-glass da aramid da aka ƙarfafa sun lalace sosai ta hanyar beraye har ba sa aiki yadda ya kamata. Domin fayyace yanayin da ake ciki game da kariyar beraye da kuma tallafawa masana'antun OFCs masu amfani da wutar lantarki, mun yanke shawarar tare da haɗin gwiwar ɗaya daga cikin abokan cinikinmu na Switzerland don kiran wata cibiyar bincike mai zaman kanta, TNO (ƙungiyar Dutch don binciken kimiyya mai amfani), don gudanar da bincike a ƙarƙashin yanayi na aiki don gwada juriyar beraye na nau'ikan OFC da yawa.

2. Gwaji

Saita gwaji

Domin gwada juriyar beraye na OFCs, TNO ta yi amfani da berayen Sprague Dawley da aka sanya a cikin keji da aka tsara musamman don wannan binciken. An raba waɗannan kejin zuwa sassa biyu ta hanyar wani yanki da aka tanadar da rami mai zagaye don haɗa sassan biyu (duba Hoto na 1). An haskaka ɗayan sassan ɗaya kuma an yi duhu. A lokacin gwaje-gwajen, OFCs sun toshe ƙofar shiga ɗakin da ya yi duhu, inda abincin berayen yake, a gwaji. Tunda beraye sun fi son yanayi mai duhu, za su yi amfani da mafi yawan lokacinsu a gefen duhu. Don haka, akwai abubuwa biyu da ke motsa beraye su shiga cikin ɗakin da ya yi duhu. A duk lokacin gwajin, beraye suna da damar samun ruwa kyauta. Bayan beraye sun saba da yanayin cikin kejin, an fara gwaje-gwajen farko.

Siffa ta 1: An raba kejin gwaji zuwa sassa biyu.

A farkon gwajin, an ajiye beraye uku a cikin ɗakunan haske na kowane keji na tsawon kwanaki biyu masu zuwa, yayin da aka toshe ramin da ke cikin ramin ta hanyar ƙirar OFC da aka yi gwaji (duba Hoto na 2). Bayan wannan lokacin an mayar da beraye zuwa wasu keji na tsawon kwanaki huɗu sannan daga baya aka mayar da su cikin kejin gwaji na tsawon kwanaki biyu.

Hoto na 2: Ramin da ke cikin ramin da OFCs suka toshe yayin gwaji.

An kimanta zane-zanen OFC

An kimanta zane-zanen OFC guda tara daban-daban don juriya ga beraye. Waɗannan zane-zane duk ɓangare ne na rukunin zane-zane waɗanda suka ƙunshi mafi girman ɓangaren kasuwar OFC. Ana iya raba OFC zuwa rukuni biyu:

1. Tsarin OFC na yau da kullun ta amfani da zaren aramid ko gilashin E (tare da ko ba tare da dasawa ba) azaman kayan ƙarfafawa a ƙarƙashin murfin waje na PE (Hotuna 3a zuwa 3d).

2. Zane-zane na musamman na OFC don tsayayya da hare-haren beraye, misali gine-gine masu layuka biyu ko gine-gine da aka yi da PA12 ko ƙarfe mai rufi (Hotuna na 3e zuwa 3i).

Hoto na 3a: Sashe na giciye na tsarin OFC na yau da kullun. Hoto na 3b: Sashe na giciye na tsarin OFC na yau da kullun.

Hoto na 3c: Sashe na giciye na tsarin OFC na yau da kullun.Hoto na 3d: Sashe na giciye na tsarin OFC na yau da kullun.

Siffa ta 3e: Sashe na giciye na ƙirar OFC ta musamman.Siffa ta 3f: Sashe na giciye na ƙirar OFC ta musamman.

Hoto na 3g: Sashe na giciye na ƙirar OFC ta musamman.Hoto na 3h: Sashe na giciye na ƙirar OFC ta musamman.

Hoto na 3i: Sashe na giciye na ƙirar OFC ta musamman.

3. Sakamako da tattaunawa

Bayan gwaje-gwaje guda biyu na kwana biyu kowanne, an duba lalacewar da beraye suka yi. A cikin Hoto na 4a zuwa 4i za ku ga hotuna biyu na kowanne daga cikin ƙirar kebul da aka gwada; hoton sama yana nuna mafi ƙarancin lalacewa da na ƙasa yana nuna mafi yawan lalacewar OFC. Sakamakon binciken macroscopic na kebul ɗin ya nuna bambance-bambance a cikin lalacewa tsakanin ƙirar OFC guda tara. Amma, kamar yadda kuke gani a cikin hotunan, duk OFCs - ban da ƙirar ƙarfe/aramid - sun lalace ta yadda mutum zai iya tsammanin halayen watsawa na dogon lokaci za su shafi. Wannan kuma yana aiki ga ƙirar OFC PE/tef ɗin E-glass/water-blocking (Hoto na 4d) da PE/e-glass strands/PE/aramid (Hoto na 4h), kodayake waɗannan ƙira ba su nuna ƙarancin lalacewa ba. A aikace, duk da haka, mutum yana hulɗa da beraye marasa gida, wanda zai iya haɗawa da hare-hare masu ƙarfi da ɗorewa idan aka kama beraye. Saboda haka, bisa ga sakamakon gwajin TNO, dole ne a yanke hukunci cewa daga cikin ƙirar da aka gwada, ƙirar ƙarfe/aramid ce kawai ke da cikakken juriya ga beraye.

Haka kuma za a iya inganta juriyar beraye na OFC ta hanyar amfani da murfin waje da aka yi da amorphous polyamide ko polyamide copolymers masu ƙarfin Shore D. Saboda haka, muna ba da shawarar masu tsara kebul su inganta juriyar beraye na OFCs ta hanyar amfani da ƙarfe mai laushi (misali Zetabon) ko murfin da aka yi da amorphous polyamide ko polyamide copolymers (misali Grilamid). Amfani da ƙarfe mai laushi shine zaɓi mafi kyau.

Shawarar da ake bayarwa cewa diamita na kebul yana shafar juriyar beraye na OFC - don ganin cewa daga wani diamita na kebul zai iya haifar da tasiri mai kyau akan juriyar beraye - abin sha'awa ne kuma ƙarin bincike zai iya zama da amfani ga masu tsara kebul.

Hoto na 4a: Tsarin kebul na PE/aramid bayan gwaji; diamita 13.5 mm.

Hoto na 4b: Tsarin kebul na PE/gilashin lantarki bayan gwaji; diamita 11.8 mm.

Hoto na 4c: Tsarin kebul na PE/E-glass bayan gwaji; diamita 9.5 mm.

Hoto na 4d: Tsarin kebul na PE/gilashin lantarki/da ke toshe ruwa bayan gwaji; diamita 15.5 mm.

Hoto na 4e: Tsarin kebul na PE/gilashin lantarki/PE/aramid da aka yi wa fenti bayan gwaji; diamita 8.8 mm.

Siffa ta 4f: Tsarin kebul na PE/aramid/PE/aramid bayan gwaji; diamita 21 mm.

Hoto na 4g: Tsarin kebul na PE/PA12/aramid bayan gwaji; diamita na 8.5 mm.

Hoto na 4h: Zaren PE/gilashin lantarki mai rufi/ƙirjin PE/aramid bayan gwaji; diamita 15.7 mm

Hoto na 4i: Tsarin kebul na PE/ƙarfe mai laushi/PE/aramid bayan gwaji; diamita 14.7 mm.

4. Kammalawa

Dangane da sakamakon gwaje-gwajen, TNO ta kammala da cewa daga cikin ƙirar OFC da aka gwada, ƙirar ƙarfe/aramid ce kawai ke da cikakken juriya ga beraye. Duk sauran ƙira (wanda aka ƙarfafa da gilashin E tare da ko ba tare da dasawa ba - ko aramid, ko kuma da murfin PA12) ba su yi isasshen juriya ga hare-haren beraye ba. Binciken ya nuna a sarari cewa idan ana buƙatar juriya ga beraye dole ne a kula da ƙirar kebul na musamman.