1. Isingeniso

Ekudlulisweni nasekucutshungulweni kolwazi, ama-Optical Fiber Cables (OFCs) adlala indima ebalulekile. Abhekwa njengezindlela zokuxhumana kanye ne-telematics. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi aqinisekise ukuxhumana okuphephile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi, isikhathi sokusebenza se-OFC singasongelwa amagundane, isibonelo lapho ama-OFC efakwa emigudwini efinyeleleka kalula kumagundane. Ezindaweni ezinjalo ama-OFC kufanele avikelwe, ngoba amagundane anomkhuba wemvelo wokuququda nokuhlasela ama-OFC lapho ukuphuma kwawo kuvinjiwe kule migudwini.

Ukuze kube nomklamo wekhebula ongcono kakhulu, abakhiqizi bekhebula bakhetha ukusebenzisa izinto ezihlanganisa izakhiwo zokuqinisa nokuvikela amagundane. Bafuna futhi ama-OFC abe nokuguquguquka nokukhanya, futhi abe nobubanzi obuncane. Izinto zokuqinisa ama-OFC e-dielectric ikakhulukazi i-aramid ne-E-glass ngezinga elincane. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-aramid kuthandwa kakhulu futhi kukhula ngokushesha ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwayo okungenakuqhathaniswa kwezakhiwo zemishini namakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zayo ezinhle zokucubungula, okuholela kuma-OFC angabizi kakhulu anokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, umbuzo wokuthi ngabe i-E-glass ne-aramid ziqinisekisa ukuvikelwa okwanele kwamagundane uvame ukuphakanyiswa. Kwakunzima ukuthola impendulo ecacile kubasebenzisi be-OFC. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwabasebenzisi be-OFC eSwitzerland isibonelo, kubonise ukuthi kwezinye izimo izintambo ze-E-glass kanye ne-aramid eziqiniswe ngamagundane zonakaliswe kakhulu ngamagundane kangangokuthi azisasebenzi kahle. Ukuze sicacise isimo ngokuvikelwa kwamagundane nokusekela abakhiqizi be-OFCs ezisebenza ngogesi, sanquma ngokubambisana nomunye wamakhasimende ethu aseSwitzerland ukubiza isikhungo socwaningo esizimele, i-TNO (inhlangano yaseDashi yocwaningo lwesayensi olusetshenziswayo), ukuze senze ucwaningo ngaphansi kwezimo ezisebenzayo ukuze sihlole ukumelana kwamagundane kwezinhlobo eziningana ze-OFCs.

2. Ukuhlola

Ukusetha ukuhlolwa

Ukuze kuhlolwe ukumelana kwamagundane e-OFC, i-TNO isebenzise amagundane e-Sprague Dawley agcinwe emakhejini aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile lolu cwaningo. La makheji ahlukaniswe abe yizingxenye ezimbili ngokusebenzisa i-partition enikezwe umgodi oyindilinga wokuxhumanisa amagumbi amabili (bheka uMfanekiso 1). Elinye lamagumbi lakhanyiswa kanti elinye lafakwa umnyama. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ukungena kwegumbi elimnyama, lapho kwakukhona ukudla kwamagundane, kwavinjwa yi-OFC lapho kuhlolwa. Njengoba amagundane ethanda indawo emnyama, azochitha ingxenye enkulu yesikhathi sawo ohlangothini olumnyama. Ngakho-ke, kwakukhona izinto ezimbili ezishukumisa amagundane ukuba angene egumbini elimnyama. Phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokuhlolwa amagundane ayenokufinyelela kwamanzi mahhala. Ngemva kokuba amagundane esejwayele izimo emakhejini, kwaqalwa ukuhlolwa kokuqala.

Isithombe 1: Ikheji lokuhlola lihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili.

Ekuqaleni kwezivivinyo, amagundane amathathu ahlaliswa ezindaweni ezikhanyisiwe zekheji ngalinye izinsuku ezimbili ezalandela, kuyilapho imbobo esekuhlukaniseni yayivinjiwe umklamo we-OFC esivivinyweni (bheka uMfanekiso 2). Ngemva kwalesi sikhathi amagundane adluliselwa kwamanye amakheji izinsuku ezine futhi kamuva abuyiselwa emakhejini okuhlola izinsuku ezimbili ezengeziwe.

Umfanekiso 2: Imbobo esesihlukanisweni esivinjelwe yi-OFCs ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

Imiklamo ye-OFC ihlolwe

Kuhlolwe imiklamo eyisishiyagalolunye ehlukene ye-OFC ukuze kutholakale ukumelana namagundane. Le miklamo yonke iyingxenye yeqembu lemiklamo equkethe ingxenye enkulu yemakethe ye-OFC. Ama-OFC angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili:

1. Imiklamo ejwayelekile ye-OFC esebenzisa uboya be-aramid noma i-E-glass (enokufakwa noma engenakho) njengezinto zokuqinisa ngaphansi kwesikhwama sangaphandle se-PE (Izithombe 3a kuya ku-3d).

2. Imiklamo ekhethekile ye-OFC yokumelana nokuhlaselwa yizimpuku, isb. izakhiwo ezinezingqimba ezimbili noma izakhiwo ezine-PA12 noma insimbi ehlanganisiwe (Izithombe 3e kuya ku-3i).

Isithombe 3a: Ingxenye ephambene yomklamo ojwayelekile we-OFC. Umfanekiso 3b: Ingxenye ephambene yomklamo ojwayelekile we-OFC.

Umfanekiso 3c: Ingxenye ephambene yomklamo ojwayelekile we-OFC.Isithombe 3d: Ingxenye ephambene yomklamo ojwayelekile we-OFC.

Umfanekiso 3e: Ingxenye ephambene yomklamo okhethekile we-OFC.Umfanekiso 3f: Ingxenye ephambene yomklamo okhethekile we-OFC.

Isithombe 3g: Ingxenye ephambene yomklamo okhethekile we-OFC.Isithombe 3h: Ingxenye ephambene yomklamo okhethekile we-OFC.

Umfanekiso 3i: Ingxenye ephambene yomklamo okhethekile we-OFC.

3. Imiphumela kanye nengxoxo

Ngemva kwezinkathi ezimbili zokuhlolwa kwezinsuku ezimbili ngasinye, kwahlolwa umonakalo obangelwe ukuhlaselwa yizimpuku. Ku-Figs. 4a kuya ku-4i uzobona izithombe ezimbili zemiklamo ngayinye yekhebula elivivinyiwe; isithombe esiphezulu sibonisa esonakele kakhulu kanti esingezansi sibonisa i-OFC eyonakele kakhulu. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-macroscopic yezintambo ikhombisa ngokusobala umehluko emonakalweni phakathi kwemiklamo ye-OFC eyisishiyagalolunye. Kodwa, njengoba ubona ezithombeni, wonke ama-OFC - ngaphandle komklamo wensimbi/aramid ohlanganisiwe - onakele ngendlela yokuthi umuntu angalindela ukuthi izakhiwo zokudlulisela zesikhathi eside zithinteke. Lokhu kusebenza futhi kumiklamo ye-OFC ye-PE/ingilazi ye-E/evimba amanzi (Umfanekiso 4d) kanye ne-PE/ingilazi ye-E/engenazimpuku/PE/aramid (Umfanekiso 4h), yize le miklamo ikhombisa umonakalo omncane kakhulu. Nokho, empeleni, umuntu ubhekana nezimpuku ezingezona ezasekhaya, ezingabandakanya ukuhlaselwa okunolaka nokuqhubekayo uma kwenzeka impuku ibanjwa. Ngakho-ke, ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwe-TNO, isiphetho kumele sibe ukuthi kumadizayini avivinyiwe kuphela umklamo wensimbi/i-aramid ehlanganisiwe omelana ngokuphelele namagundane.

Ukumelana namagundane kwe-OFC kungathuthukiswa futhi ngokusebenzisa ama-sheath angaphandle enziwe ngama-polyamide angenawo ukwakheka noma ama-polyamide copolymer anobunzima obukhulu kakhulu be-Shore D. Ngakho-ke, siphakamisa abaklami bekhebula ukuthi bathuthukise ukumelana namagundane kwama-OFC ngokusebenzisa insimbi ehlanganisiwe (isb. i-Zetabon) noma ama-sheath enziwe ngama-polyamide angenawo ukwakheka noma ama-polyamide copolymer (isb. i-Grilamid). Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi ehlanganisiwe kubonakala kuyisinqumo esihle kakhulu.

Isiphakamiso sokuthi ububanzi bekhebula buthinta ukumelana kwamagundane kwe-OFC - ukuthi kusukela kububanzi obuthile bekhebula kuqhubeke ithonya elihle ekumelaneni namagundane lingase libe khona - kuyathakazelisa futhi ucwaningo olwengeziwe lungaba usizo kubaklami bekhebula.

Isithombe 4a: Umklamo wekhebula le-PE/aramid ngemva kokulingwa; ububanzi bungu-13.5 mm.

Isithombe 4b: Umklamo wekhebula le-E-glass elifakwe i-PE/elifakwe i-E ngemva kokulingwa; ububanzi bungu-11.8 mm.

Isithombe 4c: Umklamo wekhebula le-PE/E-glass ngemva kokulingwa; ububanzi bungu-9.5 mm.

Isithombe 4d: Umklamo wekhebula le-PE/ingilazi ye-E/evimba amanzi ngemva kokulingwa; ububanzi bungu-15.5 mm.

Isithombe 4e: Umklamo wekhebula le-PE/ingilazi ye-E/PE/aramid elifakwe ngaphakathi ngemva kokulingwa; ububanzi bungu-8.8 mm.

Isithombe 4f: Umklamo wekhebula le-PE/aramid/PE/aramid ngemva kokulingwa; ububanzi obungu-21 mm.

Isithombe 4g: Umklamo wekhebula le-PE/PA12/aramid ngemva kokulingwa; ububanzi bungu-8.5 mm.

Isithombe 4h: Intambo ye-E-glass efakwe i-PE/efakwe i-E/i-design yekhebula le-PE/aramid ngemva kokuhlolwa; ububanzi obungu-15.7 mm

Isithombe 4i: Umklamo wekhebula le-PE/insimbi ekhonkrithi/i-PE/aramid ngemva kokulingwa; ububanzi bungu-14.7 mm.

4. Isiphetho

Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa, i-TNO iphethe ngokuthi kumiklamo ye-OFC evivinyiwe kuphela umklamo wensimbi/i-aramid ehlanganisiwe omelana ngokuphelele namagundane. Zonke ezinye imiklamo (eqiniswe nge-E-glass ene-impregnation noma i-aramid, noma ene-sheath ye-PA12) ayizange imelane ngokwanele nokuhlaselwa amagundane. Ucwaningo lubonisa ngokusobala ukuthi uma kudingeka ukumelana namagundane, umuntu kumelwe anake kakhulu ukwakheka kwekhebula.