1. Intangiriro

Mu kohereza no gutunganya amakuru, insinga za Optical Fiber (OFCs) zigira uruhare runini. Zifatwa nk'inzira nyabagendwa z'itumanaho na telematike. Kubwibyo, ni ingenzi cyane ko zitanga ubwishingizi ku miyoboro y'itumanaho mu buryo bwizewe igihe cyose. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, igihe cy'imikorere ya OFC gishobora kubangamirwa n'imbeba, urugero nk'iyo OFCs zishyizwe mu miyoboro ikoreshwa n'imbeba byoroshye kuyibona. Muri bene ibyo bidukikije, OFCs zigomba kurindwa, kuko imbeba zifite ubushake karemano bwo gusya no kwibasira OFCs iyo inzira yazo ifunguye muri iyo miyoboro.

Kugira ngo insinga zikoreshwe neza, abakora insinga bahitamo gukoresha ibikoresho bihuza imiterere yo gushimangira no kurinda imbeba. Bashaka kandi ko OFCs zoroshye kandi zoroheje, kandi zikagira umurambararo muto. Ibikoresho byo gushimangira OFCs za dielectric byiganjemo aramid na E-glass ku rugero ruto. Gukoresha aramid birakunzwe cyane kandi biriyongera vuba kubera ko bivanze neza imiterere ya mekanike na chimique ndetse n'imiterere myiza yo kuyitunganya, bigatuma OFCs zihendutse cyane zifite imikorere myiza kandi zizewe igihe kirekire. Ariko, ikibazo cyo kumenya niba E-glass na aramid bitanga uburinzi buhagije ku mbeba cyakunze kuvugwa. Byari bigoye kubona igisubizo gisobanutse neza ku bakoresha OFC. Urugero, ubunararibonye bw'abakoresha OFC mu Busuwisi bwagaragaje ko rimwe na rimwe insinga za E-glass na aramid zangiritse cyane n'imbeba ku buryo zitagikora neza. Kugira ngo dusobanure neza uko ibintu bimeze ku bijyanye no kurinda imbeba no gushyigikira abakora OFCs zikoresha amashanyarazi, twafashe icyemezo ku bufatanye n'umwe mu bakiriya bacu bo mu Busuwisi cyo guhamagara ikigo cyigenga cy'ubushakashatsi, TNO (umuryango wo mu Buholandi ukora ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi), kugira ngo dukore inyigo mu buryo bufatika kugira ngo tugerageze uburyo imbeba zitandukanye zidashobora kwihanganira.

2. Igerageza

Gushyiraho ikizamini

Kugira ngo bapime ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imbeba za OFC, TNO yakoresheje imbeba za Sprague Dawley zari mu tuzu twagenewe ubu bushakashatsi. Utwo tuzu twagabanijwemo ibice bibiri hakoreshejwe igice cyagenewe guhuza utwo tuzu twombi (reba Ishusho ya 1). Kimwe mu tuzu cyari cyamuritswe, ikindi cyari cyijimye. Mu gihe cy'igeragezwa, umuryango winjira mu tuzu twijimye, aho ibiryo by'imbeba byari biri, wafunzwe na OFC mu igeragezwa. Kubera ko imbeba zikunda ahantu hijimye, zizamara igihe kinini ku ruhande rw'umwijima. Rero, hari ibintu bibiri byateraga imbeba kwinjira mu tuzu twijimye. Mu gihe cyose cy'igerageza, imbeba zari zifite uburyo bwo kubona amazi. Nyuma y'uko imbeba zimenyere imiterere y'utuzu, igerageza rya mbere ryatangiye.

Igishushanyo cya 1: Akazu ko gupimisha kagabanyijemo ibice bibiri.

Mu ntangiriro z'igeragezwa, imbeba eshatu zashyizwe mu byumba by'urumuri bya buri kageri mu minsi ibiri yakurikiyeho, mu gihe umwobo wari mu gice cyo hagati wafunzwe n'igishushanyo cya OFC mu igeragezwa (reba Ishusho ya 2). Nyuma y'iki gihe, imbeba zoherejwe mu zindi kageri mu minsi ine hanyuma zisubizwa mu kageri ko gupimisha indi minsi ibiri.

Igishushanyo cya 2: Umwobo mu gice cyafunzwe na OFCs mu igeragezwa.

Ibishushanyo mbonera bya OFC byasuzumwe

Imiterere icyenda itandukanye ya OFC yasuzumwe kugira ngo irebe niba imbeba zirwanya. Iyi miterere yose ni imwe mu matsinda y’imiterere igize igice kinini cy’isoko rya OFC. Imiterere ya OFC ishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri:

1. Imiterere isanzwe ya OFC ikoresha ubudodo bwa aramid cyangwa ikirahuri cya E (harimo cyangwa hatarimo) nk'ibikoresho bikomeza munsi y'igitambaro cyo hanze cya PE (Amashusho ya 3a kugeza kuri 3d).

2. Imiterere yihariye ya OFC yo kurwanya ibitero by'imbeba, urugero: inyubako zifite urwego rubiri cyangwa inyubako zifite PA12 cyangwa icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma (Ishusho ya 3e kugeza kuri 3i).

Igishushanyo cya 3a: Igice cy'igishushanyo gisanzwe cya OFC. Igishushanyo cya 3b: Igice cy'igishushanyo gisanzwe cya OFC.

Igishushanyo cya 3c: Igice cy'igishushanyo gisanzwe cya OFC.Igishushanyo cya 3d: Igice cy'igishushanyo gisanzwe cya OFC.

Igishushanyo cya 3e: Igice cy'igishushanyo cyihariye cya OFC.Igishushanyo cya 3f: Igice cy'igishushanyo cyihariye cya OFC.

Igishushanyo cya 3g: Igice cy'igishushanyo cyihariye cya OFC.Igishushanyo 3 cy'isaha: Igice cy'igishushanyo cyihariye cya OFC.

Igishushanyo cya 3i: Igice cy'igishushanyo cyihariye cya OFC.

3. Ibisubizo n'ibiganiro

Nyuma y’ibihe bibiri by’igeragezwa by’iminsi ibiri buri kimwe, ibyangiritse bitewe n’ibitero by’imbeba byarasuzumwe. Ku mashusho ya 4a kugeza kuri 4i uzabona amashusho abiri ya buri gishushanyo cy’insinga cyageragejwe; ishusho yo hejuru igaragaza iyangiritse cyane n’iyo hepfo igaragaza OFC yangiritse cyane. Ibisubizo by’isuzuma rya macroscopic ry’insinga bigaragaza neza itandukaniro mu byangiritse hagati y’igishushanyo icyenda cya OFC. Ariko, nk’uko mubibona ku mashusho, OFC zose - usibye igishushanyo cy’icyuma cya corrugated/aramid - zangiritse ku buryo umuntu ashobora kwitega ko imiterere y’igihe kirekire yagira ingaruka. Ibi kandi bireba igishushanyo cya OFC PE/E-glass/water-blocking tape (Ishusho ya 4d) na PE/impregnated E-glass strands/PE/aramid (Ishusho ya 4h), nubwo ibi bishushanyo bigaragaza ibyangiritse bike cyane. Ariko, mu by’ukuri, umuntu avuga ku mbeba zitari iza mu rugo, zishobora gutera ibitero bikomeye kandi bihoraho mu gihe imbeba yafashwe. Bityo rero, hashingiwe ku bisubizo bya TNO, umwanzuro ugomba kuba ari uko mu bishushanyo byageragejwe, igishushanyo cy'icyuma cya corrugated/aramid gusa kirwanya imbeba.

Ubudahangarwa bw'imbeba za OFC bushobora kandi kunozwa hakoreshejwe ibyuma byo hanze bikozwe muri polyamide cyangwa polyamide copolymers zidafite ifoto imwe bifite ubukana bwinshi bwa Shore D. Kubwibyo, turasaba abashushanya insinga kunoza ubudahangarwa bw'imbeba za OFCs bakoresheje icyuma gikozwe muri corrugated steel (urugero: Zetabon) cyangwa ibyuma bikozwe muri polyamide cyangwa polyamide copolymers zidafite ifoto imwe (urugero: Grilamid). Gukoresha ibyuma bikozwe muri corrugated steel bisa nkaho ari byo byiza.

Igitekerezo cy'uko umurambararo w'insinga ugira ingaruka ku budahangarwa bw'imbeba za OFC - ku buryo kuva ku murambararo runaka w'insinga hashobora kubaho ingaruka nziza ku budahangarwa bw'imbeba - kirashishikaje kandi ubushakashatsi bw'inyongera bushobora kuba ingirakamaro ku bashushanya insinga.

Igishushanyo cya 4a: Igishushanyo mbonera cy'insinga ya PE/aramid nyuma yo kugerageza; umurambararo wa mm 13.5.

Igishushanyo cya 4b: Igishushanyo mbonera cy'insinga y'ikirahure cya PE/igitereko nyuma yo kugerageza; umurambararo wa mm 11.8.

Igishushanyo cya 4c: Igishushanyo cy'insinga ya PE/E-glass nyuma yo kugerageza; umurambararo wa mm 9.5.

Igishushanyo cya 4d: Igishushanyo mbonera cy'insinga y'ikirahure cya E/igitambaro cyabugenewe/igitambaro kiziba amazi nyuma yo kugerageza; umurambararo wa mm 15.5.

Igishushanyo cya 4e: Igishushanyo mbonera cy'insinga ya PE/ikirahure cya E/PE/aramid nyuma yo kugeragezwa; umurambararo wa mm 8.8.

Igishushanyo cya 4f: Igishushanyo mbonera cy'insinga ya PE/aramid/PE/aramid nyuma yo kugerageza; umurambararo wa mm 21.

Igishushanyo cya 4g: Igishushanyo mbonera cy'insinga ya PE/PA12/aramid nyuma yo kugerageza; umurambararo wa mm 8.5.

Igishushanyo mbonera cya 4h: Imigozi ya PE/imigozi ya E-glass/igishushanyo mbonera cya PE/aramid nyuma yo kugeragezwa; umurambararo wa mm 15.7

Igishushanyo cya 4i: Igishushanyo mbonera cy'insinga ya PE/corrugated cryst/PE/aramid nyuma yo kugeragezwa; umurambararo wa mm 14.7.

4. Umwanzuro

Hashingiwe ku byavuye mu igeragezwa, TNO yemeje ko mu bishushanyo bya OFC byageragejwe, igishushanyo cy'icyuma cya corrugated/aramid gusa kirwanya imbeba. Ibindi bishushanyo byose (bikomejwe n'ikirahure cya E kirimo cyangwa kitarimo impregnation- cyangwa aramid, cyangwa gifite agapfunyika ka PA12) bitashoboye kurwanya ibitero by'imbeba. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana neza ko niba bikenewe ko imbeba zirwanya umuntu agomba kwitondera cyane igishushanyo cy'insinga.